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Algazel
01-25-2006, 08:41 AM
Pashto


According to the researchers, Pashto is one of the oldest languages of Ariana, which is much similar to Sansicrate, Pahlawid and Dari. When the first arian tribes moved towards India, there they created the Sansicrate language and the tribes who moved to the west (Iran), they created the Pahlawi language, and tribes in the central Ariana created the Sughdi, Dari and Pashto lanugages.

Dari and Pashto, both, are the old languages of Afghanistan.
James Darmister, a french ancient scholar, writes: "Pashto is the remnant (remaining lanugage) of Zoroasterian (Avista) lanugage and the book of zoraoster was written in that language."

Dr. Brown writes in his book of "The history of Litterature": Pashto is a word which comes from the Pashtoon/ Pakhtoon, an arian tribe. And it has much similarity with the Sansicrate and Avistian lanugages.

The first pashto poem, that we have found, is the Amir Koror's in the 154 lunar hijri or 780 c. This poem is reported in "Putta Khazana", a work of Mohammad Hotak, and Abdul-Hai Habibi has also written it about the History of Soorides.

The ancience of the Pashto language goes up to 3000 b.c. and we can find many works of Sasanians in this lanugage. The word "Pashto" has a relation with the name of a tribe called "Pasht" or "Pakht". In the book of Vida, Pakht was one of the ten major tribes of Ariana.
Hirodet, a greek historian, calls the pashto as "Pakti" and "Paktioos" and says that their territory was "Pakia" or "Paktikhab".


Pashto and Afghan in the inscriptions of Alchaemenide:

In the Alchaemenidian (Hakhamunshian) inscription, written during the rule of the Great Daryosh or Daris, which was written on the stones of "Beeston" mountain, the following words were found that were written in the Cuneiform calligraphy (called Mekhee in dari):
نه اریکه وم، نه دوره ژن وم، نه زور کروتی وم

نه اریکه وم: نه سرسخته حاکم یم
نه دوره ژن یم: نه درواغجن یم
نه زورکروتی وم: نه زورگو یم

So these verses in the Cuneiform are very much similar to Pashto which goes to 500 years before the christ.

The word "Afghan"

Some people say that the word Afghan or Afghanistan was used for the first time during the rule of Ahmad Shah Abdali, that is completely incorrect.

Infact, the word "Afghan", which means Lion and Personality, was the Surname of Shahpoor, the second Sasanian ruler. Some Chinese travellers have also used the Afghan word during their trip to Ariana. So in this case, "Afghan" is more than 2000 years old.

The institute of Eastern Archeologists of Chicago found some phrases in the Zoraoserian inscriptions which were written in Pahlawi Parti and Greek languages. These phrases were all about the personality of Shahpoor, the second ruler of Sasanians. There, the following phrase was written:
وینده فرن اپگان رزمه ود
For the first time, Sprengling, an american researcher, succeded to read those writings and he said the the second word which is "Apghan" is definitely the word "Afghan". Moreover, he wrote that the surname of the Shahpoor was "Apgan" which meant Brave and Lion.

Therefor, the words "Pashto" and "Afghan" might have more than 2000 years. And we, as an Afghan, should be proud of it.

Algazel
01-25-2006, 08:49 AM
Dari


"Balheeka" or "Bokhdi" , which at the moment is called Balkh, was the first place of Arian Civilisation. The book of Avista (zoraoster), the songs of "Reekovida" and the rules of Peshdads, Kayans, Aspa, Alchaemenidian (Hakhamunshian), Koshans, etc. show that the first Arian civilisation was brought up in these areas (Balkh), while in Persia there was no civilised society.

At that moment, people used to speak in different languages such as Khroshti, Pahlawi, Sughdi, Avistian, Arami, Bakhtari or Greeko-Boodic etc. After the death of Skandar Maqdooni, a great revolution was occured amongh the lanugaes of that time. Most of the languages were influenced by the Greek language. And some languages turned into a new language like Pahlawi Sasani turned into Farsi.

About the Dari language, some authors like Qari Abdullah and Mohammad Haider Joble say that Dari is an improved form of the Pahlawi Parti (Parsawi) or Sughdi, as Farsi is an improved form of Pahlawi Sasani. So in this case Dari is almost 2000 years old, which was used to be spoked in Bakhter/ Sughdiana, Kabulistan, Herat and Seestan, Gandahar and Balochistan.

While other researchers say that Dari is an independant language despite its familiarities with Sughdi and Pahlawi Parti. It is a language created 2000 years ago and used to be spoken in the courts of the Kings.

Abdullah Ibn-e Muqafa says: "Pahlawi (the old Farsi) relates to Pahla, the name of five cities: Asfahan, Ray, Hamadan, Mah Nawand and AzerBaijan. While Dari was the language of citizens (people living in cities) and was used in the Courts of the Rulers. This language was common in Khurasan, eastern areas and Balkh. But Parsi/ Farsi was a language spoken among the priests of Zoraosters in Persia".
In his another book "Al-Fehrest", he says that during the periods of Sasanians and Alchaemenidian (Hakhamunshian), Dari was common in the cities of Madayn.

Another clue that prooves that Dari is not a language influenced by Sughdi/ Parsawi, and is an independant lanugage, is a stone found in Baghlan (a city in north of Afghanistan). In this stone, 25 sentences with 160 words have been written in Dari by the greek calligraphy. So there is no doubt that Dari was made up about 2000 years ago.

The Iranian authors try to hide this fact and say that Dari is the same old Pahlawi and a language influenced by Farsi, while it is completely incorrect and without any proof. While Mohammad Taqi Bahar, one of the recent great poets of Iran, writes in his book called "Sabk-Shunasi": "As the people of Bukhara and Samarqand wrote their poems in Dari, and the poets of Khurasan (Afghanistan) also wrote their poems in Dari, so step by step, this lanugage came from Khurasan to Iran...."
So according to him, we conclude that Farsi HAS BEEN influenced by Dari and the great poets like Sa'di and Hafez have written their works in Dari language.

Algazel
01-25-2006, 08:52 AM
The naming of Dari

1. Dari is taken from "Darra" which means Valley in English. A lanugage well known between the people of valleys, very soft and amicable.

2. Dari relates to "Dar" or "Darbar" which mean the Courts of the Kings. A lanugage spoken in the court of the Kings, a formal language of that time.

3. The old name of Dari was Takhari. Takhari was, at first, used to be written as "Thari", a word completely similar to Dari.

4. In the book "Burhan Qate", it has been mentioned: "They say that Dari was the lanugage of some cities like Balkh, Takhar, Bukhara, Badakhshan and Marwa...." or in the other part of the book, it's written: "Any language which does not contain an incorrect term is called Dari"



The first Dari poems:

Abul Mo'ayed Balkhi had written in his Shahnama the following verses which is considered the oldest poem of Dari:

فرخته باذا روش><خنیذه گرشسپ هوش
همی پرست از جوش><انوش کن می انوش
دوست بذ آگوش><به آفرین نهاذه گوش
همیشه نیکی کوش><که دی گذشت و دوش
شاها! خدا یگانه><به آفرین شاهی

Arabs have reported the followings verse that was written in Seestan:

آبست و نبیذ است و عصارت زبیب است><سمیه روسپیذ است


In 108 lunar hijri, the people of Balkh wrote these poems about the governor of Balkh:

از ختلان آمدیه><برو تباه آمدیه
آباره باز آمدیه><خشک و نزار آمدیه


Dari from the viewpoint of Poets:


یکی تازه کن قصه زرتشت>< بنظم دری و بخط درشت
بفرمود تا فارسی دری>< بنوشتند و کوتاه شد داوری

کجا بیور از پهلوانی شمار
بود در زبان دری ده هزار
(فردوسی )

خردنامه ها را ز لفظ دری>< بیونان زبان کرت کسوت کری

گزارنده داستان دری >< چنین داد نظم گزارشگری
( نظامی )


ادیب و هیر بد منجم>< دری و پهلوی خوان و عالم
(بهرام پژود )


من آنم که در پای خوکان نریزم
مرین قیمتی در لفظ دری را

صفات روی او آسان بود مرا گفتن
گهی به لفظ دری و گهی به شعر دری
( ناصر خسرو )


دل بدان یافتی از من که نکو دانی خواند
مدحت خواجه آزاده بالفاظ دری
خاصه آن بنده که ماننده من بنده بود
مدح گوینده و داننده الفاظ دری
(فرخی سیستانی )


هزار بلبل دستانسرای عاشقرا
بباید از تو سخن گفتن دری آموخت
( سعدی )


چو عندلیب فصاحت فرو شد ای حافظ
تو قدر او بسخن گفتن دری بشکن

ز شعر دلکش حافظ کسی شود آگاه
که لطف طبع و سخن گفتن دری داند
(حافظ )

Algazel
03-04-2006, 08:56 AM
Here is the article of Dr. Mohammad Halim Tanweer, where he says that Farsi (Persian) is a sub-language of Dari.

http://www.khawaran.com/DrTanwir_ZabaneDariFarsi.htm

Afghani_Sitara
03-08-2006, 04:54 PM
NIce research AFGHAN knight...............real coooool

thanx for the work i kinda learnt something taht i didnt knoe be4.......

KEP UP THE GOOOOoD WORKKKKKKKKKKKK

humaira
03-11-2006, 09:06 PM
Originally posted by Afghan-Knight
Here is the article of Dr. Mohammad Halim Tanweer, where he says that Farsi (Persian) is a sub-language of Dari.

http://www.khawaran.com/DrTanwir_ZabaneDariFarsi.htm

sallam afghan Knight jan, really Nice Topic and thanks 4 sharing

keep it up

Algazel
03-12-2006, 12:23 AM
Thnx for your nice comments humaira jan and Afghani_Sitara jan.....:)

humaira
03-12-2006, 12:29 AM
Originally posted by Afghan-Knight
Thnx for your nice comments humaira jan and Afghani_Sitara jan.....:)



Ur Most Welcome Night jan ;)

Afghani_Sitara
03-14-2006, 04:07 PM
Anytime Mr Night.........

keep up the goooooood workkkkkkk